Japanese novelist noted for sharp but sympathetic short portraits of the foibles of ordinary people.

Ibuse was first interested in poetry and painting but was encouraged to write fiction when he entered Waseda University in 1918. His greatest popularity came after World War II, but he was already known in the 1930s for such stories as the satiric Sanshōuo (1929; The Giant Salamander) and the historical novel Jon Manjiro hyōryūki (1937; John Manjiro, the Castaway: His Life and Adventures).

Ibuse's wide interests led him to deal with many kinds of themes, particularly intellectual fantasies employing animal allegories, historical fiction, and tales of country life. His sharp eye for satire and subtle sense of humour prevent his evident compassion from lapsing into sentimentality. After the war, Honjitsu kyūshin (1949; No Consultations Today), characterizing a town by the patients who come to the doctor's office, and Yōhai taichō (1950; A Far-Worshiping Commander), an antimilitary satire, were especially well received. Ibuse received the Order of Culture for the novel Kuroi ame (1966; Black Rain), which deals with the terrible effects of the bombing of Hiroshima during World War II.