city, Latvia, on the Lielupe River southwest of Riga. In 1226 the Brothers of the Sword (Brothers of the Sword, Order of the), a religious and military order, built the castle of Mitau there; town status was conferred on the settlement in 1376. In 1561, when the Brothers of the Sword were dissolved, it became the capital of the dukes of Courland, and in 1795 it passed to Russia in the Third Partition of Poland. The city suffered severe damage from fighting in both 1919 and 1944. Today Jelgava is a railway junction and industrial city, manufacturing agricultural and other machinery, locks, and linen and processing sugar, vegetables, and other foodstuffs. Pop. (2000) 63,652.