son of Juba I and king of the North African states of Numidia (29–25 BC) and Mauretania (25 BC–AD 24). Juba also was a prolific writer in Greek on a variety of subjects, including history, geography, grammar, and the theatre.

As a child of about five Juba was paraded in Rome in Caesar's triumphal procession after the death of Juba I but subsequently was given a good education in Italy. Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) befriended Juba when he was a young man and in 29 BC installed him as king of Numidia, which had been a Roman province since the defeat of Juba I in 46. In 25 Juba was made ruler of Mauretania, which he governed until his death. His first wife, Cleopatra Selene, daughter of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, exercised great influence on his policies.

Succeeding generations praised his scholarly work, but from the meagre fragments that survive it seems that, though his interests were extremely wide, he had little originality. He was content to excerpt or rearrange material from earlier authors, which he collected in a substantial library at his capital city of Caesarea (formerly Iol, now Cherchel, Alg.).