main tributary of the Niger River, in central Nigeria. It rises on the Jos Plateau 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Jos town near Vom and flows in a northwesterly direction to a bend 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Kaduna town. It then adopts a southwesterly and southerly course before completing its 340-mile (550-kilometre) flow to the Niger at Mureji (opposite Pategi). Most of its course passes through open savanna woodland, but its lower section has cut several gorges (including the 2-mile 【3-kilometre】 granite ravine at Shiroro) above its entrance into the extensive Niger floodplains.

The Kaduna (meaning “crocodiles” in the Hausa language) is subject to great seasonal fluctuations and is navigable below Zungeru from July to October for light craft; it is used for fishing and for transport of local produce. Gbari (Gwari) people have utilized the Kaduna's upper floodplains for swamp rice cultivation, and in the southern plains, in Nupe tribal territory, rice and sugarcane production has become a major economic activity. Near Bida, the Edozhigi and Badeggi natural irrigation projects are major rice-growing ventures. There are rail bridges at Zungeru and at Kaduna, the largest towns on the river.