city, northern Uighur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang (Sinkiang, Uygur Autonomous Region of), far northwestern China. Located in the Junggar (Dzungarian) Basin (Junggar Basin), it is about 200 miles (320 km) northwest of Ürümqi (Urumchi), the provincial capital.

Rich oil reserves were discovered in the region in 1955, and the first oil field was developed in the late 1950s and early '60s. Production was greatly increased after the construction of a railway to Ürümqi from Xi'an (in Shaanxi province). There are two main productive fields, one at Karamay itself in the north and another at Dushanzi, about 60 miles (97 km) south. Dushanzi and Karamay are joined by pipelines and have refineries. The reserves of both oil fields are substantial. Karamay is situated in a fairly arid region; its annual precipitation averages only about 4.5 inches (115 mm), and it has a high evaporation rate of some 140 inches (3,500 mm) per year. Moreover, Karamay is subject on average to some 75 days per year when wind speeds exceed 40 miles (65 km) per hour. Farms have been established near Karamay along the Manas River. Pop. (2002 est.) 237,918.