writer and translator, one of the most renowned figures in modern Turkish literature, noted for vigorous studies of 20th-century Turkish life.

Educated at a French school in Cairo and then in İzmir, he moved to Constantinople (now Istanbul) in 1908. He attracted attention as a writer by his outstanding prose poems, and he became connected with the Fecr-i âti (“Dawn of the Future”) literary school, which formed itself after the Young Turk Revolution. His first book, a collection of short stories, was published in 1913. A journalist during the Turkish War of Liberation (1919–22), he became a member of parliament and later had an extensive diplomatic career (1934–54).

His novels are powerful studies of Turkish society since the advent of the republic. In Hüküm gecesi (1927; “The Night of Judgment”), he describes the interparty struggles after the adoption of the constitution of 1908. Sodom ve Gomore (1928; “Sodom and Gomorrah”) is about life in occupied Constantinople after World War I. Yaban, perhaps his best-known novel (1932; “The Stranger”), deals with the psychological distance between the Turkish peasant and the urban intellectual. He also wrote poetry and several works of nonfiction.