city, seat of Cheshire county, southwestern New Hampshire, U.S., on the Ashuelot River. The original site (Upper Ashuelot), one of the Massachusetts grants of 1733, was abandoned (1746–50) because of hostile Indians. Resettled and named for Sir Benjamin Keene (1697–1757), English minister to Spain, it was incorporated as a town in 1753 and chartered as a city in 1874. Industries developed in the city after the arrival of the Boston and Maine Railroad in the late 1840s. Manufactures now include ball bearings, high-tech printing devices, machine tools, paper membranes, and toys. The city is a winter sports resort and the commercial centre of the region. Keene State College was established in 1909. Monadnock State Park, containing Monadnock Mountain (3,165 feet 【965 metres】), is about 12 miles (19 km) to the southeast. Pop. (1990) 22,430; (2000) 22,563.