emperor of Vietnam in 1916–25 and an advocate of cooperation with the colonial power, France.

Khai Dinh was the eldest son of the emperor Dong Khanh and was immediately preceded as emperor by Thanh-thai (1889–1907) and Duy Tan (1907–16). He believed that Vietnam was too backward technologically to assert itself among modern nations and that it should acquire an understanding of French civilization and Western scientific knowledge before becoming independent. He became the first reigning Vietnamese monarch to visit Europe when he attended a colonial exposition at Marseille in 1922 and advocated an autonomous Vietnam associated with France.

Khai Dinh's pro-French attitude was condemned by Vietnamese nationalists, who accused him of betraying his people.