king of Lydia, in west-central Anatolia (reigned c. 610–c. 560 BC), whose conquest created the powerful but short-lived Lydian empire.

Soon after succeeding his father, King Sadyattes, Alyattes started five consecutive years of raids that devastated the farmland around the Greek city of Miletus on the southwestern coast of Anatolia. He moved eastward, battling the Medes for five years, until an eclipse of the Sun brought an end to the fighting. Alyattes also fought with the Carians (Caria) to the south, whom he conquered, and with the nomadic Cimmerians (Cimmerian) to the east, whom he drove from western Anatolia. He went on to capture and demolish most of the Greek city of Smyrna (İzmir) (on the west coast of Anatolia; now İzmir, Tur.). He was succeeded by his son Croesus, whose wealth became legendary.

Alyattes' tomb, which was described by Herodotus, can still be seen in west-central Anatolia about 7 miles (11 km) north of the ruins of the Lydian capital of Sardis.