court noble, government official, and noted man of letters in Japan during the Heian period (794–1185).

While serving as chief of the Imperial Documents Division, Tsurayuki took a prominent part in the compilation of the first Imperial poetry anthology, Kokin-shū (905). In a prose introduction, Tsurayuki discussed the general nature of poetry and the styles of the poets represented. This introduction, which was written in the newly developed cursive kana syllabic alphabet, is regarded as one of the early masterpieces of Japanese prose. Tsurayuki was himself a prolific and highly respected writer of Japanese verse (uta), and he ranks among the “36 Japanese poets,” the most illustrious of the 8th to the 10th century. In 936 he wrote Tosa nikki (The Tosa Diary), a travel book composed in the phonetic script instead of the Chinese that was normal for men's diaries.

Few details are available about Tsurayuki's life and character. He appears to have devoted his life chiefly to literature. His son, Ki Tokibumi (or Tokifumi), was one of the five poets (later called the Five Men of the Pear-Jar Room) who in 951 compiled the Gosen-shū, the second official poetic anthology.