city, eastern Ukraine. It lies on the bank of the Kazenny Torets, which is a tributary of the north Donets River. The city developed from the end of the 19th century with the growth of its metallurgical industry, particularly the production of iron and steel. Kramatorsk eventually became one of the largest centres in Ukraine for the manufacture of heavy machinery and machine tools for the metallurgical, mining, power, and chemical industries; products have included presses, cranes, turbine rotors, and self-propelled excavators. Other industries have included railway repair, ceramic manufacture, coke-chemical undertakings, and cement making. Pop. (2001) 181,025; (2005 est.) 174,892.