physician, folklorist, and poet who compiled the Estonian national epic poem Kalevipoeg (1857–61, “The Son of Kalevi”).

A graduate of Tartu University, Kreutzwald was municipal health officer in Voru for more than 40 years. In 1838, F.R. Faehlmann organized the Estonian Learned Society, which collected narrative folk songs for an epic in the tradition of Finland's Kalevala. Kreutzwald, a student and translator of German Romantic literature, wrote the epic, combining the collected material with original poetry.

In the epic, the Kalevid (“National Champion”) is the symbol of ancient Estonian independence; the plot revolves around his romantic adventures. The Kalevipoeg was the central work of the Estonian national awakening of the 19th century and exercised considerable influence on the country's later literature, art, and music.