U.S. playwright, screenwriter, and member of the “Hollywood Ten,” who was jailed (1948–49) and blacklisted for his refusal to tell the House Committee on Un-American Activities about his political allegiances.

Lawson's early works, such as Roger Bloomer (1923) and Processional (1925), are notable examples of Expressionism. He later portrayed problems of the working class: The International (1928) depicts a world revolution of the proletariat; Marching Song (1937) concerns a sit-down strike. Lawson's plays emphasize ideology and innovation and are powerful and effective.

During the 1930s and 1940s Lawson devoted his time to the movies. He wrote such scripts as Action in the North Atlantic (1943) and Sahara (1943) and was the co-founder and first president of the Screen Writers Guild. This new employment led to Theory and Technique of Playwriting and Screenwriting (1949), a revised edition of his earlier Theory and Technique of Playwriting (1936).

In the late 1940s the uproar over alleged Communist influence in the motion picture industry led to his jail sentence and the blacklisting of Lawson in Hollywood. These events reaffirmed Lawson's interest in American cultural tradition, explored in The Hidden Heritage: A Rediscovery of the Ideas and Forces That Link the Thought of Our Time with the Culture of the Past (1950).