city, seat (1887) of Park county, south-central Montana, U.S. It lies about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bozeman near the Yellowstone River. The city is surrounded by divisions of the Gallatin National Forest. Originally called Clark's City, it was founded in 1882 as a division headquarters of the Northern Pacific Railway (Northern Pacific Railway Company) and was renamed for Crawford Livingston, a railroad executive. Large locomotive repair shops were built, and agriculture and ranching developed concurrently with mining activities. Livingston holds an annual roundup and is the site of the National Fresh Water Trout Derby. Tourism (including dude ranches) and the sale of locally produced artwork are significant to its economy. The northern entrance to Yellowstone National Park is 28 miles (45 km) south. Inc. 1889. Pop. (1990) 6,701; (2000) 6,851.

“new town,” West Lothian council area, southeastern Scotland, on the Glasgow-Edinburgh motorway (superhighway). Livingston lies mainly within the historic county of West Lothian, but the part of the town south of the River Almond belongs to the historic county of Midlothian. Livingston was designated a new town in 1962 with the dual purpose of accommodating population from Glasgow—30 miles (50 km) west—and providing a focus for economic growth to replace the declining heavy industries in West Lothian and the surrounding region. Once dependent on coal mining and oil shale, Livingston now houses a variety of computer hardware and software firms in five industrial estates. Pop. (2004 est.) 53,670.

county, western New York state, U.S. The terrain rises from a lowland region in the north to rolling hills in the south. The Genesee River flows through the western part of the county. Lakes include Conesus and Hemlock. Among the parklands is Letchworth State Park, where the Genesee has carved a gorge known as the “Grand Canyon of the East.” Forests consist of a mix of hardwoods.

Indians who inhabited the region when European settlers arrived were Iroquoian-speaking Seneca. Livingston county was created in 1821 and named for American Revolutionary political leader Robert R. Livingston (Livingston, Robert R.). The State University of New York College at Geneseo, the county seat, was founded in 1867. Other towns are Dansville, Avon, Mount Morris, and Caledonia.

The primary economic activity is agriculture (corn 【maize】 and wheat). Area 632 square miles (1,637 square km). Pop. (2000) 64,328; (2007 est.) 63,196.