city, capital of Togo. Lomé lies on the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic coast) in the extreme southwestern corner of the country. Selected as the colonial capital of German Togoland in 1897, it became important as an administrative, commercial, and transport centre. A modern town was laid out, and a 1,380-foot (420-metre) jetty was built to facilitate the export of raw materials. Three railways fan out from Lomé to the hinterland: northwest to Palimé, north to Sokodé, and east along the coast to Aného. Modernization of the port was begun in the 1960s, and a deepwater harbour, completed in 1968, can handle some three million tons of goods annually. This has greatly facilitated the shipping of phosphates and other major exports, such as cocoa, coffee, copra, cotton, and palm products. Lomé is also home to an international airport, thermal power plant, and the Maison du Peuple, a conference hall. The Université du Bénin was founded in 1965 at Lomé. The Togolese capital was also the site of several important summits; the first Lomé Convention was signed there in 1975, establishing an aid and trade agreement between African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries and the European Union. Pop. (2003 est.) 676,400; (2003) urban agglom., 749,700.