river in south-central Africa, rising in the Bangweulu Swamps (one of the world's largest wetlands) lying east of Lake Bangweulu in eastern Zambia. For most of its 350-mile (560-kilometre) course the river forms part of the boundary between Zambia and Congo (Kinshasa). The Luapula slopes gently through most of its southward- then westward-trending upper course, but it descends a series of falls as it veers northward.

Much of the swampy area around Lake Bangweulu is fringed with white sand beaches. The mouth of the Chambeshi River, of which the Luapula is a continuation, is hidden in a vast sea of papyrus. The Luapula is navigable only below Johnston Falls, from which it flows a distance of about 100 miles (160 km) to its mouth in Lake Mweru. Roads that run almost parallel to the Luapula River link Mansa, a regional capital, with Mwenda and Kawambwa. Ferries operate on a number of tributaries of the river.