city, southeastern Iraq. Situated on a low ridge beside the Tigris River, it is Iraq's chief port on that waterway south of Baghdad. It is a trade centre for agricultural produce, livestock, wool, and hides and is known for weaving and silverware. In World War I it was captured by the British during their 1915 Mesopotamia campaign. Before 1958 Al-ʿAmārah was an outstanding example of autocratic rule by sheikhs (sheikh), who owned large estates in this rice-growing area and also maintained large private armies. After the overthrow of the monarchy, land distribution gradually became more democratic. Pop. (2003 est.) 325,000.