town, north-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, east of Agra. Mainpuri and the surrounding territory were part of the kingdom of Kannauj (Kanauj) and became splintered politically when the kingdom fell to the Mughal ruler Bābur in 1526; it was brought down by the Marathas (Marāṭhā) in the 18th century and was ceded to the British in 1801. It is a trade centre for agricultural products, and its principal industries are cotton ginning, oilseed milling, and lamp and glass manufacture. The town is also known for wooden sculpture and tobacco. Its most notable building is a raja's palace, the Garhi.

Mainpuri's surrounding area is situated on the alluvial plain between the Ganges (Ganges River) (Ganga) and Yamuna (Yamuna River) rivers. Irrigated by the Upper and Lower Ganges canals, it contains many groves of mangoes and other trees. Main crops are wheat, gram (chickpeas), rice, and barley. Pop. (2001) town, 92,273.