city, eastern Ukraine. The city was founded as Dmitriyevsk (Dmytriyivsk) in 1899 with the establishment of a metallurgical works; the nearby small village of Makiyivka was later absorbed into the city. Dmitriyevsk subsequently developed as one of the largest coal-mining and industrial centres of the Donets Basin coalfield; in 1931 it was renamed Makiyivka. In addition to coal, the city also has produced iron and steel. Other industries have included metalworking, coke-chemical production, the manufacture of pneumatic machinery, shoemaking, and food processing. The city is rather dispersed, with numerous residential communities surrounding individual industrial plants over an extensive area; it is gradually extending to form a single metropolitan area with the nearby city of Donetsk, which lies just a few miles to the southwest. Pop. (2001) 389,589; (2005 est.) 375,992.