capital of Equatorial Guinea. It lies on the northern edge of the island of Bioko (or Fernando Po) on the rim of a sunken volcano. With an average temperature of 77 °F (25 °C) and an annual rainfall of 75 inches (1,900 mm), it has one of the more onerous climates in the Bight of Biafra (Gulf of Guinea). Malabo is the republic's commercial and financial centre. Its harbour, providing one of the deepest seaports in the region, can dock several ships, and the main activity is the export of cocoa, timber, and coffee. It also has an international airport with flights to Bata, in continental Equatorial Guinea, and to countries in Africa and Europe, and to the United States. The city's European population declined after the riots of 1969 and, later, after its Nigerian contract workers returned to Nigeria in the mid-1970s. The discovery and development of the country's oil reserves in the 1980s and '90s led to an increase in business and development in the city. Pop. (2003 est.) 92,900.