city (municipality), south-central Alaska, U.S. Lying at the base of the Chugach Mountains, it is a port at the head of Cook Inlet (a bay of the Pacific Ocean). In 1835 Russians established a mission across the inlet from the area that constitutes the modern city of Anchorage. After gold was discovered in the late 19th century, the area's population surged. Anchorage was founded in 1914 as the headquarters of the Alaska Railroad running north to Fairbanks. A railway link with Seward was finished in 1918, and five years later the entire Alaska Railroad was completed. In the 1930s, during the Dust Bowl drought that devastated agriculture in much of the central continental United States, settlers from the American Midwest were given federal assistance to move to the Anchorage area to develop an agricultural community. By the turn of the 21st century, this sector was declining. The city became a key aviation and defense centre with the construction of Fort Richardson and Elmendorf Air Force Base during World War II, and during the war completion of the Alaska Highway linked Anchorage with the continental United States. Subsequently, Anchorage became a regular stop on air routes from Europe and the United States to East Asia. On March 27, 1964, a severe earthquake caused a number of deaths and extensive property damage in the city.

Anchorage is the largest city and chief commercial centre of Alaska, with an economy based primarily on defense projects and the exploitation of natural resources, including oil. Tourism is also significant. The city is the seat of a campus of the University of Alaska (Alaska, University of) (1954) and of Alaska Pacific University (chartered as Alaska Methodist University, 1957). The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, organized in 1967, commences in the city and ends in Nome. Far North Bicentennial Park features a ski area, miles of trails for hiking and mountain biking, and a wildlife area that features moose and bears. Chugach State Park and Anchorage Coastal Wildlife Refuge are also popular recreational and wildlife-watching locations. Other notable attractions include the Anchorage Museum of History and Art (1968), the state's largest museum; Alaska Heritage Library and Museum (1968), featuring native artifacts and art; and Alaska Zoo (1968). Anchorage is linked by highway to Seward and Soldotna (south) and Denali National Park and Preserve and Fairbanks (north). About 45 miles (70 km) south of the city is Portage Glacier. Inc. 1920. Pop. (1990) city and Anchorage MSA, 226,338; (2000) city and Anchorage MSA, 260,283.