specialized organization engaged in supplying information on the creditworthiness and financial strength of business firms in highly developed economies. The first such agency, the Mercantile Agency, was founded in New York City in 1841 to reduce credit losses. As businesses expanded from their local area to a national scale, many of them found it impossible to judge the creditworthiness of prospective customers in distant locations. The Mercantile Agency, which changed its name to R.G. Dun & Company after 1859, merged in 1933 with the Bradstreet Company to form the most widely known agency, Dun & Bradstreet, Inc.

Mercantile agencies may be general (providing information on all types of business firms) or specialized (limited to firms in a particular line of trade or in a particular region). Most agencies provide two kinds of reports. General reports, containing a rating based on the firm's financial statement and a rating of the credit to which the mercantile agency judges the firm to be entitled, are issued periodically on all firms investigated by the agency. Special reports, containing a firm's history, fire record, insurance record, financial statements, public records, and the opinion of other creditors, are issued to clients of the agency on request. See credit bureau.