any petroleum-derived plastic material that differs from paraffin waxes (paraffin wax) in having much finer and less-distinct crystals and higher melting point and viscosity. Microcrystalline waxes are used chiefly in laminated-paper products, in coatings and linings, and in adhesives, sealing compositions, and various types of polishes.

In contrast to paraffins, microcrystalline waxes may vary widely in character depending on the crude-oil source and the method and degree of refinement. Some are ductile, like beeswax; others are hard and brittle; and still others crumble easily during handling. The melting-point range is higher than that of paraffin wax, with commercial grades ranging from 63° to 93° C (145° to 200° F). The colour of microcrystalline waxes ranges from creamy white to dark brown. Decolorization is difficult, and these waxes' odour and taste may be undesirable in some applications.

Microcrystalline waxes may be made from the residue of crude petroleum by refining; or they may be made from petroleum jelly by removing the oil with a solvent. Their physical properties may be controlled by the temperature of the solvents. Methods of separation include solvent dilution, chilling, centrifuging, filtering, and various combinations of these.

Chemically, microcrystalline waxes consist of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.