city, capital of Vermont, U.S., and seat of Washington county (1811). It lies along the upper Winooski River just northwest of barre, and it commands the main pass through the Green Mountains near the centre of the state. Named for Montpellier, France, the town (township) was chartered in 1781 by proprietors from Massachusetts and western Vermont. The first permanent dwelling was built there in 1787. Montpelier established a town meeting in 1791 and was named the state capital in 1805. It later defeated several attempts by Burlington and other towns to succeed it as state capital, especially in 1857 when fire left the statehouse a mere shell. The present state capitol (the third constructed on the site; completed in 1859) is built of Vermont granite. Within its portico is a marble statue representing Ethan Allen (Allen, Ethan), a hero of the American Revolution.

Aside from the business of state government, the city's economy is based on insurance and tourism. There are ski areas nearby. Vermont College, a campus of Norwich University, is in Montpelier. Inc. village, 1828; city, 1895. Pop. (1990) 8,247; (2000) 8,035.