city, southern Peru. It lies along the Moquegua River at 4,626 feet (1,410 m) above sea level. Founded in 1626 as Villa de Santa Catalina del Guadalcázar del Valle de Moquegua (Town of Saint Catherine of Guadalcázar of Moquegua Valley), it was granted city status in 1823. It serves as a processing and agricultural centre for the surrounding area. Olives, grapes, and cotton are principal crops, and mining (copper), cotton ginning, wine making, liquor distilling, and olive-oil processing are among the city's industries. Located on the Pan-American Highway, Moquegua is connected by rail and road to its seaport at Ilo, 37 miles (60 km) south, and can be reached by air. The city was heavily damaged by an earthquake in 2001. Pop. (2005) 46,505.