one of the leading Roman composers of his time, who succeeded his master, Palestrina, as composer to the Papal Chapel in 1594. Most of Anerio's early works are secular, but he began to concentrate on sacred music after his appointment as papal composer.

In general, he modeled his style on that of Palestrina, and several of his pieces were for a long time mistaken for those of the celebrated master. His later compositions, however, do not slavishly imitate the Palestrina style but contain many passages of personal expression. Anerio's works include madrigals, both sacred and secular, canzonets, masses, motets, and other sacred music.