city, Kemerovo oblast (region), south-central Russia. The city lies along the Tom River just below its confluence with the Kondoma, in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin. Originally the small village of Kuznetsk, founded in 1617, stood on the river's right bank; it had about 4,000 inhabitants in 1926. In 1929, under the Soviet First Five-Year Plan, an ironworks was founded on the opposite bank; around the works a new town grew up, renamed Stalinsk in 1932. Development was extremely rapid, and the fully integrated iron plant became one of the largest in the Soviet Union. A second such plant was built in 1960–68. In 1961 the city was renamed Novokuznetsk. In addition to iron and steel, it produces ferroalloys and aluminum. There is also a chemical industry, using by-products. The city's principal heavy-engineering products are mining machinery and bridge girders. Large-scale coal mining is also carried on near the city. Novokuznetsk has metallurgical and teacher-training institutes. Pop. (2006 est.) 562,402.