city, Tula oblast (region), western Russia, situated on the upper Don River. Founded in 1930 as Bobriki, the town developed as a major chemical centre, making fertilizers and plastics and mining lignite (brown coal). Pop. (2006 est.) 127,770.

city, east-central Ukraine. The city lies along the Samara River a few miles above its confluence with the Dnieper River, and on the Kharkiv-Dnipropetrovsk railway and the Moscow-Crimea highway. The settlement of Samarchyk, or Novoselytsia, dating from 1650, was resited there in 1784 and renamed Novomoskovsk. The modern city has produced such goods as metal pipes, railroad ties, and furniture. The major historical landmark is the 18th-century Trinity Cathedral. Pop. (2001) 72,439; (2005 est.) 70,952.