city, Lorain county, northern Ohio, U.S., about 35 miles (56 km) west-southwest of Cleveland. In 1833 John J. Shipherd, a Presbyterian minister, and Philo P. Stewart, a former missionary to the Choctaw people, founded the community and established the Oberlin Collegiate Institute (1833; designated a college in 1850) to train ministers and teachers for the West. The name was chosen to honour Johann Friedrich Oberlin (Oberlin, Johann Friedrich), an Alsatian pastor and philanthropist. In 1886 Charles Martin Hall (Hall, Charles Martin), an Oberlin alumnus, developed there the electrolytic process for producing aluminum cheaply. Oberlin College pioneered various reform movements, including coeducation and integration, and the city was the last station stop on the Underground Railroad by which fugitive slaves escaped to freedom in Canada. The Anti-Saloon League was founded in Oberlin in 1893. The city is nestled amid fertile farmlands; its economic and cultural life centres on the college and its famous music conservatory. Inc. village, 1846; city, 1950. Pop. (2000) 8,195; (2005 est.) 8,280.