resort city, Jackson county, southeastern Mississippi, U.S., on Biloxi Bay across from Biloxi. It developed around the site of Old Biloxi, where the explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville (Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne d') established Fort Maurepas in 1699 for France; it was the first permanent European settlement in the lower Mississippi River valley. Its name was changed to Lynchburg (1853), and in 1854 its present name was coined by George W. Austin, who established a sanatorium there to utilize its spring waters. It was a fishing village until the 1880s, when it became a popular Gulf Coast resort for cotton planters. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina (Katrina, Hurricane) destroyed portions of the city.

Gulf Islands National Seashore is headquartered in Ocean Springs. The huge Ruskin Oak, thought to be some 500 years old, was named for John Ruskin (Ruskin, John), the English writer and artist, who is said to have visited the spot in 1885. The Walter Anderson Museum of Art contains a large collection of works by that 20th-century American painter. The city also has a replica of Fort Maurepas, and a festival commemorating d'Iberville's arrival is held annually in April. A Mardi Gras parade is held each year. Inc. town, 1892; city, 1947. Pop. (1990) 14,658; (2000) 17,225.