king of Bohemia (1198–1230), who won both Bohemia's autonomy from the German king and the hereditary rights to the Bohemian crown for his house of Přemysl.

Initially confirmed as duke of Bohemia in 1192 by the Holy Roman emperor Henry VI, Otakar was deposed the following year but subsequently regained possession of the fief of Bohemia in 1197. He obtained the title of king in 1198 and almost total autonomy for Bohemia from the emperor Philip of Swabia. His title was subsequently confirmed by the emperor Frederick II (1212), who thereby all but extinguished the control of the empire in Bohemian affairs. Otakar's reign thus established the basis of a strong Bohemian state, which was to reach the height of its power later in the 13th century.