eccentric Chinese poet and most renowned member of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a group of 3rd-century poets and philosophers who sought refuge from worldly pressures in a life of drinking and verse making.

Born into a prominent family, Ruan Ji was faced with the choice of silent acceptance of the corrupt political maneuverings of the Wei dynasty court (220–265/266) or severe punishment. He found a solution that enabled him to escape both hypocrisy and harm. In a successful effort to avoid commitment to a marriage alliance that he considered dangerous and distasteful, the poet purposely remained drunk for 60 days. When he felt the need to speak out against the ruling class, he did so through poems and essays heavily veiled in allegory. Finally, he retired to a life of pleasure and poetry in the countryside, far from the pressures of the palace.

Despite Ruan Ji's clever tricks at court and his hedonism, his poetry is melancholy and pessimistic and has been praised for its profound view of a troubled time. His best-known collection is Yonghuaishi (Songs of My Heart).