town, İzmir vilāyet (province), western Turkey, 50 miles (80 km) north of the city of İzmir (Smyrna). It shares the site of ancient Pergamum, of which there are extensive ruins remaining. The modern town lies over the remains of the Roman city, while the remains of the ancient Greek city with its acropolis lie northeast across the Bergama River, on a high hill with terraced slopes. Greek ruins also lie on the western outskirts. The Archaeological Museum in town contains a large collection of artifacts from the area, ranging in age from Paleolithic to Byzantine. The town has cotton and leather industries, and in the surrounding area there is farming in cotton, tobacco, and grapevines. Pop. (2000) 52,173.