Spanish soldier who arrested Christopher Columbus (Columbus, Christopher) on Santo Domingo (the island of Hispaniola) after dissensions had arisen between Columbus and several of the Spanish adventurers who served under him.

Bobadilla was a noble who served the Spanish crown in the wars of reconquest against the Moors. He was thought to have been the knight commander of the Calatrava, a Spanish religious-military order of crusaders. In 1500 he was sent to Santo Domingo by Ferdinand and Isabella with the full powers of a royal commissioner and chief justice.

When Bobadilla landed and discovered that Columbus had hanged five Spaniards, he became so furious that he immediately ordered the arrest of Columbus' brother, Diego (in charge of the Spanish settlement in Columbus' absence), impounded Columbus' papers, and took possession of the town of Santo Domingo. Shortly thereafter, Columbus voluntarily gave himself up and was immediately placed in irons and sent back to Spain by Bobadilla.

Failing to restore order in Santo Domingo, Bobadilla was ordered back to Spain by the monarchs, while Columbus was given back all the honours and titles taken from him after his arrest. On the return voyage to Spain, a hurricane destroyed Bobadilla's fleet off the coast of Hispaniola, and all were lost.