American pianist who also found a successful and varied career as a music educator.

At age 14, Olga Hickenlooper, who had taken piano lessons from her mother and her grandmother (the latter a concert pianist of some note), went to Paris to continue her studies. A year later she became the first woman to win a scholarship to the Paris Conservatory.

She temporarily abandoned her career from 1900 to 1904 for an unsuccessful marriage. She then returned to music and, as Olga Samaroff, made her professional debut in January 1905 with the New York Symphony Society at Carnegie Hall in New York City. Good reviews led to several private engagements, and in May she made her London debut. From 1906 her concert career flourished, but she gave up performing in 1911, after marrying the conductor Leopold Stokowski (Stokowski, Leopold). She began touring again in 1913 and returned full-time after her divorce in 1923.

A serious arm injury in 1925 prompted Samaroff to give up her performing career. She joined the faculty of the Juilliard Graduate School of Music in New York City and from 1926 to 1927 was a music critic for the New York Evening Post. In 1928 she founded the Shubert Memorial to sponsor concerts with full orchestra for deserving young artists, and in 1929 she began teaching piano classes at the Philadelphia Conservatory of Music. From approximately 1930 she enjoyed considerable success teaching a music course for laymen in New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. She published several texts to accompany the course, which was later presented on radio and television. Samaroff's autobiography, An American Musician's Story, appeared in 1939.