one of the leaders of the Taiping Rebellion, the widespread uprising that gripped South China between 1850 and 1864. The most literate of the Taipings, Shi was an avowed enemy of the alien Qing (Qing dynasty) (Manchu) rulers of China. In the early part of the 20th century, he came to be revered as a hero of the Chinese nationalist rebellion against foreign domination.

As one of the original five Taiping rebel leaders, Shi assumed the title of yiwang (“assistant king”). In 1856, when the eastern king Yang Xiuqing attempted to usurp the throne of the supreme Taiping leader, Hong Xiuquan (1814–64), the northern king Wei Changhui was recalled by Hong from Jiangxi to kill Yang. The northern king killed not only Yang but thousands of his adherents and relatives as well. When Shi objected to the slaughter, the northern king plotted to kill him, but Shi discovered the plot and escaped. Hong finally had the northern king executed and recalled Shi to the capital, but Shi's immense popularity with the Taiping troops aroused Hong's suspicion.

Disgruntled, Shi split from the Taiping movement in May 1857, taking with him a large personal following and some of the most able Taiping commanders. Although the Qing government offered him huge rewards and high rank, he refused to surrender, chiding the Qing officials for their cooperation with foreign barbarians. Shi, who had hoped to establish an independent kingdom in the western province of Sichuan, was unable to win a popular base and was eventually caught and executed by government forces.