district, administrative and historic county of Northamptonshire, south-central England, in the northeastern part of the county. The district is rural and agricultural in character except in the extreme south. It is covered with fertile glacial drift, and the gently rolling clay hills 200 to 300 feet (60 to 90 metres) in elevation are bisected north-south for the length of the district by the River Nene. The four manufacturing towns at its southern end (Rushden, Irthlingborough, Higham Ferrers, and Raunds) grew as a result of the early development of leather-tanning and shoe-manufacturing industries, in association with such other nearby centres as Northampton. The contemporary economy of these locales, however, has become increasingly diversified and includes assorted light industries.

The two parishes (towns) of Oundle and Thrapston, farther north in the Nene valley, serve as local market centres for adjacent stone-built villages in this mixed-farming area. Oundle, containing fine examples of 17th- and 18th-century town houses and 17th-century hostelries, is being preserved. Remnants of the Rockingham Forest, a former royal hunting preserve, are in the western part of the district. Thrapston is the administrative centre. Area 197 square miles (510 square km). Pop. (2001) 76,527.