Flemish novelist and poet, the author of a small but remarkable oeuvre, whose laconic style and ironic observation of middle-class urban life mark him as one of the outstanding Flemish novelists of the first half of the 20th century.

Elsschot's first work, Villa des roses (1913; Eng. trans. Villa des roses), an exercise in the naturalism of the period, is set in a French boardinghouse. His two subsequent novels, De verlossing (1921; “The Deliverance”) and Lijmen (1924; Soft Soap), went virtually unnoticed; discouraged, he devoted himself to his business career and ceased writing until the 1930s. He published Kaas (“Cheese”) in 1933 and followed it with the novel Tsjip (“Cheep”) in 1934. Laarmans, who is the protagonist in Kaas, had been introduced in Lijmen, and he reappears in Pensioen (1937; “Pension”), De leeuwentemmer (1940; “The Lion Tamer”), and Elsschot's masterpiece, Het dwaallicht (1946; Will-o'-the-wisp), a fruitless search for a remote ideal in an urban setting. Laarmans is a sensitive person who repeatedly fails in business because of his honesty and human kindness.

Elsschot's novels are caustic views of social realities, but a beam of sympathy diffuses the sardonic tone. What interests Elsschot is the drama latent in apparently ordinary situations. His poetry was published as Verzen van vroeger (1934; “Early Verse”) and Verzen (3rd ed. 1947). His collected works (Verzameld werk) were published in 1992 and his letters (Brieven), edited by V. Van de Reijt, in 1993.