court established by act of Congress of October 1, 1982, to handle cases in which the United States or any of its branches, departments, or agencies is a defendant. The court has jurisdiction over money claims against the United States based on the U.S. Constitution, federal laws, executive regulations, or express or implied contract with the government. The court assumed the original jurisdiction formerly exercised by the United States Court of Claims, concurrently abolished in 1982. The present name was adopted in 1992.

Among the cases handled by this trial court are those arising from supply and construction contracts, those involving compensation for property taken, those arising from claims to back pay or to tax refunds, and those involving alleged government infringement or misinterpretation of private patents, trademarks, copyrights, or licenses. Judges are appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. They serve 15-year terms. Judgments of the court are final on both the claimant and the United States, subject to right of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (see United States Court of Appeals).