poet who revived Portuguese poetry by introducing colloquial language and by exploring its capacity for expression. He dealt extensively with themes pertaining to the growth of urban life.

Born into a well-to-do middle-class family, Verde studied at the faculty of arts of the University of Lisbon but left without a degree. Adopting a bohemian life-style, he nevertheless earned a living as a fruit farmer and businessman, publishing poetry in newspapers and literary magazines sporadically until his early death from tuberculosis.

After his death, a friend, the literary critic António da Silva Pinto, collected and published his poems as O livro de Cesário Verde 1873–1886 (1887; “The Book of Cesário Verde”).