town, southern Paraguay. Founded in 1576 on the Paraná River, the settlement was moved in 1682 to its present site at the edge of the westward extension of the Brazilian Highlands, including the Ybytyruzú mountains at 820 ft (250 m) above sea level. Villarrica is a commercial, manufacturing, and religious centre. Industrial establishments in the town include sawmills, textile and flour mills, sugar refineries, liquor distilleries, wineries, tanneries, plants processing maté (tea), and shoe factories. The principal exports are maté, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, oranges, wine, cattle, and hides. Its cathedral and shrine make Villarrica a pilgrimage centre. The town is noted for its cultural activity and is the birthplace of many of the country's leading writers, artists, and musicians. It is accessible by highway from Asunción and Encarnación. Pop. (2002) urban area, 38,961.