a Christian devotional book written between 1390 and 1440. Although its authorship is a matter of controversy, the book is linked to the name of Thomas À Kempis. Whatever the identity of the author, he was a representative of the devotio moderna (q.v.) and its two offshoots, the Brethren of the Common Life and the Congregation of Windsheim.

The Imitation of Christ in part I gives “exhortations useful for spiritual living,” in part II admonishes man to be concerned with the spiritual side of life rather than with the materialistic, and in part III affirms the comfort that results from being centred in Christ. Finally, in part IV it shows how an individual's faith has to be strengthened through the Eucharist, or Holy Communion.

The simplicity of the book's language and the direct appeal to the religious sensitivity of the individual in an uncomplicated way are perhaps the primary reasons why this little book has been so widely received and so deeply influential.