Russian Greco-Roman wrestler revered for his extraordinary strength and unprecedented success in international competition.

Kareline, who weighed 6.8 kg (15 pounds) at birth, began wrestling at age 13. Under the tutelage of Viktor Kusnetzov, he quickly achieved success in Soviet junior tournaments. In 1987 Kareline became world junior champion and earned a place on the Soviet national team.

Kusnetzov helped Kareline to develop a devastatingly effective maneuver known as a reverse body lift, which had long been in use by lighter wrestlers but not by heavyweights. Using the reverse body lift, Kareline, who stood 1.9 metres (6 feet 3 inches) tall and weighed 131 kg (290 pounds), hoisted his opponents into the air and slammed them violently to the mat. The move, which required immense strength, became Kareline's trademark and so intimidated his opponents that many simply rolled over and allowed themselves to be pinned rather than risk injury.

Kareline dominated world Greco-Roman super-heavyweight wrestling from the late 1980s, and by the beginning of 2000 he had not lost a single match in international competition—a remarkable achievement. He won a series of world championships (1989–91, 1993–95, 1997–99), as well as gold medals at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, and the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. At the 2000 Games in Sydney, Australia, Kareline's 13-year unbeaten streak ended after he was upset in the final round by American wrestler Rulon Gardner. With his fourth Olympic medal a silver, Kareline retired from the sport.

Kareline, a descendant of intellectuals who were forcibly relocated to Siberia, was a student of literature, poetry, opera, and ballet. He attained heroic stature in Russia. In 1999 he was elected to the State Duma of the Russian parliament.