merchant who commanded the first English vessel to reach the East Indies and who established the first English trading post in Southeast Asia.

In 1588 Lancaster served under Sir Francis Drake as commander of the Edward Bonaventure against the Spanish Armada. On April 10, 1591, commanding the same ship, he sailed from Plymouth for the East Indies. He reached the island of Penang, west of the Malay Peninsula, in June 1592, remaining there until September and plundering every vessel he encountered. He returned to England in May 1594.

In April 1601, in command of the Red Dragon, Lancaster went on the first trading expedition of the East India Company. At Bantam, Java, he established the first of the company's trading posts. He was knighted after his return to England in 1603. Lancaster remained a director of the company, and he sponsored several voyages in search of the Northwest Passage, the American Arctic waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.