judeţ (county), northwestern Romania. It occupies an area of 2,434 square miles (6,304 square km) and is bounded in the north by Ukraine. It is mostly mountainous and is dominated by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, including the Maramureş and Ţibleş ranges. The Tisa River, flowing east and southward, forms part of the county's northern border, and the Vişeu and Someş rivers drain southward. Baia Mare, the county capital, is Romania's largest centre for nonferrous metallurgy, and machinery is manufactured there. Mines are located in Herja, Baia Sprie, Cavnic, Suior, and Băiut. Sighetu Marmaţiei, Vişeu de Sus, and Borşa are timber-producing centres, and factories in Bistra produce building materials. Agricultural activities include livestock raising and fruit cultivation. A hydroelectric station operates on the Firiza River, with a reservoir located near Strâmtoii.

Several villages situated near the towns of Târgu Lampuş and Sighetul Marmaţiei are known for their 18th-century oak churches with shingled roofs. An ethnographical museum is located in Sighetul Marmaţiei, and Moiseiu town has an 18th-century monastery. Highway and railway connections extend through Baia Mare, Sighetu Marmaţiei, and Vişeu de Sus. An airport is located near Baia Mare. Pop. (2007 est.) 513,000.