Italian explorer who was the first European to traverse the whole of the African (Africa) continent north of the equator from Egypt to the Gulf of Guinea. The journey took him through many parts of Africa that had been only marginally explored by Europeans. While his crossing is well remembered as an exploit, Matteucci failed to compile any significant geographical observations.

A doctor who was struck with a passion for exploring, Matteucci made his first expedition to Africa in 1877, traveling up the Blue Nile until he was turned back by hostile tribesmen in southern Sudan. Two years later he led an expedition to Ethiopia to investigate its commercial possibilities. His journey across the continent, which began in February 1880, took him from Egypt through the Sudan and the Wadai (or Ouadai) district of Chad, into northeastern Nigeria and down the Niger River to the west coast of Africa, where he arrived in July 1881. He died of a fever contracted during his travels.