Notable Civil Engineering Projects (in work or completed, 2004)

Name Location Year of completion Notes

Airports Terminal area (sq m)

Suvarnabhumi ("Golden Land") near Bangkok, Thai. 563,000 2006 To replace Don Muang Airport, Southeast Asia s busiest airport

Barajas International Airport (new Terminal 4) northeast of Madrid, Spain 470,000 2005 New terminal in leading airport for Europe-Latin America flights

Changi International (new Terminal 3) eastern Singapore 430,000 2006 New terminal in Asia s 4th largest airport

Pearson International (new Terminal 1) Toronto, Ont. 340,000 2004 Opened April 6; new terminal at Canada s busiest airport

Baiyun ("White Cloud") Int l (replacement) near Guangzhou (Canton), China 305,000 2004 Opened August 5; main hub airport of south China (excl. Hong Kong)

Ben-Gurion Int l (new Terminal 3) southeast of Tel Aviv, Israel 223,000 2004 Opened Nov. 2; new international terminal at Middle East s busiest airport

Central Japan International artificial island off Nagoya, Japan 220,000 2005 To be Japan s 3rd largest airport

Dallas/Fort Worth Int l (new Terminal D) Irving, Texas 195,000 2005 New international terminal

Heathrow (new Terminal 5) southwest of London, Eng. 70,000 2008 Biggest construction project in the U.K. from 2002

Bridges Length (main span; m)

Hangzhou Bay near Jiaxing, China to near Cixi, China 2,600 2009 To be world s longest (35.6 km) transoceanic bridge/causeway; begun 2003

I-95 (Woodrow Wilson \\#2) Alexandria, Va. to Md. suburbs of D.C. 1,829¹ 2006 2 bascule spans forming higher inverted V shape for ships; begun 2000

Nancha (1 bridge of 2-section Runyang) Zhenjiang, China (across the Yangtze) 1,490 2005 To be world s 3rd longest (and China s first major) suspension bridge

Sutong Nantong, China (100 km from Yangtze mouth) 1,088 2008 To be world s longest cable-stayed bridge

Stonecutters Tsing Yi-Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China 1,018 2008 To be world s 2nd longest cable-stayed bridge; see Sutong

Tacoma Narrows (\\#3) the Narrows of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Wash. 853 2008 Built over collapsed TN \\#1; longest U.S. suspension bridge since 1964

Rion-Antirion near Patrai, Greece (across Gulf of Corinth) 560 2004 Opened Aug. 8; 2nd longest all-span cable-stayed (2,252 m); see Millau

(New) Cooper River Charleston, S.C. to Mt. Pleasant, S.C. 471 2005 To be longest cable-stayed bridge in North America

Millau Viaduct Tarn Gorge, west of Millau, France 342 2004 Opened Dec. 14; world s highest (270 m) bridge and longest all-span cable-stayed (2,460 m) bridge

Shibanpe Chongqing, China (across the Yangtze) 330 2005 To be world s longest prestressed-concrete box girder bridge

Buildings Height (m)

Burj ("Tower") Dubai Dubai, United Arab Emirates 805 2008 To be world s tallest building

Freedom Tower New York, N.Y.

● "1,776 ft"

● (541 m)

2008 Cornerstone laid July 4; to be tallest building in North America

Taipei 101 (Taipei Financial Center) Taipei, Taiwan 508 2003 Declared world s tallest building April 15, 2004; opened in stages from Nov. 2003

Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai, China 492 2007 Begun 1997, resumed 2003; to be world s 2nd tallest building (in 2007)

Union Square Phase 7 Hong Kong, China 474 2007 Begun 2002; to be world s 3rd tallest (in 2007); 16-building complex

Federation Tower A Moscow, Russia 340 2007 To be tallest building in Europe

Eureka Tower Melbourne, Australia 300 2005 To be Australia s 2nd tallest building and world s 2nd tallest residential

Dams and Hydrologic Projects Crest length (m)

Three Gorges (3rd of 3 phases) west of Yichang, China 1,983 2009 To create world s largest reservoir (620 km long) beginning 2003 + 1/9th of nat l total generated power

Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project Narmada River, Madhya Pradesh, India 1,210 2007 Largest dam of controversial 30-dam project; drinking water for Gujarat

Bakun Dam Balui River, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia 740 2007 To be largest dam in Southeast Asia; hydroelectricity to all of Borneo

Caruachi (3rd of 5-dam Lower Caroní Development scheme) Caroní River, northern Bolívar, Venez. 360 2003-06 Hydroelectric generation began Feb. 28, 2003

Belo Monte Xingú River, Pará, Braz. ? 2008 To be 3rd largest dam in the world in terms of electricity output

Tucuruí (upgrade) Tocantins River, eastern Pará, Braz. ? 2005 Generating capacity to be doubled; 1st Brazilian Amazon dam (1984)

Project Moses (flood-protection plan) Venice, Italy -- 2010 79 submerged gates in 3 lagoon openings will rise in flood conditions

Highways Length (km)

Golden Quadrilateral superhighway Mumbai to Chennai to Kolkata to Delhi, India 5,846 2005 Upgrade to 4 lanes; to link India s 4 largest metropolitan areas

Trans-Siberian highway (final stage) Khabarovsk to Chita, Russia 2,165 2004 Opened Feb. 26; last link in 10,000-km Moscow-Vladivostok highway

Highway 1 Kabul to Kandahar to Herat, Afg. 1,048 2005 Final, 566-km Kandahar-Herat section to open Sept. 2005

Egnatia Motorway Igoumenitsa to Kipi, Greece 680 2006 First Greek highway at int l standards; 76 tunnels, 1,650 bridges

Croatian Motorway Zagreb to Split, Croatia 380 2005 Mountainous terrain with unstable slopes, caves, and unexploded ordnance

Land Reclamation Area (sq km)

The Palms ("Jumeirah, Jebel Ali" and Deira islands) in Persian Gulf, off Dubai, U.A.E. "c. 20 and 40 sq km" and

c. 80 sq km 2006-09 Date-palm-tree-shaped islands ("two 17 fronds + trunk" and one 41 fronds + trunk); ultraexclusive

Railways (Heavy) Length (km)

Trans-Kazakhstan Dostyq (Druzhba), Kazakh. to Gorgan, Iran 3,943 2008 China to Europe link, bypassing Russia + Uzbek.; 3,083 km in Kazakh.

Qinghai-Tibet China: Golmud, Qinghai to Lhasa, Tibet 1,142 2007 World s highest railway (5,072 m at summit); 86% above 4,000 m

Xi an-Nanjing China: Xi an, Shaanxi to Nanjing, Jiangsu 1,129 2007 For economic growth in interior; 954-km Xi an-Hefei section finished 2003

Ferronorte (extension to Rondonópolis) Alto Araguaia to Rondonópolis, Braz. 270 2007 For soybean/cereal exports from Mato Grosso (Braz. interior)

Bothnia Line (Botniabanan) Nyland to Umeå, Swed. 190 2010 Along north Swedish coast; difficult terrain with 25 km of tunnels

Railways (High Speed) Length (km)

Spanish high speed (second line) Madrid, Spain, to France (via Barcelona) 719 2009 To reach Barcelona in 2007?; Madrid-Lleida corridor opened Oct. 11, 2003

Korea Train Express (KTX) Seoul to Pusan, S.Kor. 412 2008 Will connect largest and 2nd largest cities; to Taegu as of April 1, 2004

Taiwan high speed Hsi-chih to Tso-ying, Taiwan 345 2005 Links Taiwan s 2 largest cities (Taipei and Kao-hsiung) along west coast

Eastern France high speed eastern outskirts of Paris to near Metz, Fr. 300 2007 106-km extension to Strasbourg in planning stage

Italian high speed (second line) Rome to Naples, Italy 205 2005 Entire N-S (Turin-Naples) high-speed routes (844 km) completed 2009?

Channel Tunnel Rail Link near Folkestone to central London, Eng. 109 2007 74-km section (Folkestone-north Kent) opened Sept. 16, 2003

Subways/Metros/Light Rails Length (km)

Shanghai Metro Shanghai, China 99.9 2005-06 Length of 4 lines under construction in late 2004

Barcelona Metro (Line 9) airport to northeast Barcelona, Spain 47.0 2008 Connections to other metro lines and future high-speed rail

Guangzhou (Canton) Metro (line 3) Guangzhou, China (north-south line) 36.1 2006 15-line system planned; 83 km in 4 lines under construction in 2004

Shenzhen Metro (phase 1; lines 1 and 4) Shenzhen, China (adjacent to Hong Kong) 21.8 2004 Phase 1 of both lines began operation Dec. 28

Delhi Metro (Line 1) Delhi, India 21.3 2004 Opened March 31; 30.2 km of lines 2 and 3 to open in 2005

Copenhagen Metro (last extension) Copenhagen, Den. 21.0 2007 Connects city centre to airport

Bangkok Blue Line north-south line in central Bangkok, Thai. 20.0 2004 Opened to the public July 3; Thailand s first underground system

Hiawatha Light Rail Downtown Minneapolis to Bloomington, Minn. 19.3 2004 Opened December 4

Las Vegas Monorail Las Vegas, Nev. (east side of L.V. Strip) 6.1 2004 Opened July 14, temp. closure Sept. 8-Dec. 23; 5-km extension by 2007?

Tunnels Length (m)

Apennine Range tunnels (9) Bologna to Florence, Italy (high-speed railway) 73,400 2008 Longest tunnel (Vaglia, 18.6 km); tunnels to cover 93% of railway

Lötschberg \\#2 Frutigen to Raron, Switz. 34,577 2007 To be world s 3rd longest rail tunnel; France-Italy link

Guadarrama 50 km north-northwest of Madrid, Spain 28,377 2007 To be world s 4th longest rail tunnel; Valladolid high-speed link

Södra Länken ("Southern Link") part of Stockholm, Swed., ring road 16,600 2004 Opened Oct. 24; complex of underground interchanges

Hsüeh-shan ("Snow Mountain") near Taipei, Taiwan 12,900 2005 Breakthrough Sept. 16, 2004; world s 4th longest road tunnel

East and West tunnels of A86 ring road western outskirts of Paris, Fr. 10,000/7,500 2007 Two tunnels under Versailles and nearby protected woodlands

● 1 m=3.28 ft; 1 km=0.62 mi; 1 ha=2.47 ac

● ¹Length of each span