German company that was created in order to consolidate all coal-mining (coal mining) activities in the Ruhr region. Company headquarters are in Essen.

Although coal represents one of Germany's major mineral resources, the coal industry suffered a severe decline in the 1960s owing to uneconomical mining methods and the shift of consumer demand to oil and gas. After a 1968 law provided for the closing of unprofitable pits, all major coal companies combined in 1969 to form the giant holding company Ruhrkohle AG to strengthen demand for coal supplies and facilitate diversification within the coal-producing industry.

Renamed in 1997, RAG supplies coal-fired power generating plants. In the early 21st century RAG continued to be Germany's leading producer of coal. The company also maintains interests in chemicals, plastics, and energy companies.