English-born artist, explorer, naturalist, and author who spent most of his life in southern Africa.

Love of adventure took him in 1842 to Cape Colony, where he served as an artist during the Eighth Frontier War (1850–53). His success as an artist led to his joining an expedition to northern Australia in 1855 and an invitation to take part in a Zambezi expedition under David Livingstone in 1858. In 1861 Baines accompanied the British hunter and explorer James Chapman in his travels from South West Africa (Namibia) to Victoria Falls, a journey on which his drawings and his book Explorations in South-West Africa (1864) were based. With his fame established, he opened a studio in London in 1865. Returning to Africa in 1868, he led an expedition to explore the goldfields of Matabeleland, where he won mining concessions that later were acquired by Cecil Rhodes. Baines's accurate map, scientific data, and illustrations of the scenery and people were published posthumously in The Gold Regions of South-Eastern Africa (1877).