Russian poet and revolutionary, a leader in the Decembrist revolt of 1825.

Ryleyev came from a family of poor gentry. He served in the army, spending time in Germany, Switzerland, and France. After his return to Russia, he went to live in Voronezh province, where his impressions from abroad sharply contrasted with the life around him. On his father's death he went to St. Petersburg and began his literary career. Some of his poems are historical and patriotic; perhaps his best verse, however, is that inspired by his revolutionary spirit.

Ryleyev was recruited into the Northern Society in 1823 and soon came to head the radical wing within that secret society. He assumed the leadership of the Decembrist conspiracy in St. Petersburg and tried unsuccessfully to gather support for the dissident troops in that city on December 14. The revolt was quickly suppressed, and Ryleyev was arrested and imprisoned that same night. He was hanged in Peter and Paul Fortress in 1826. Ryleyev had continued to write up to the last few days before the Decembrist revolt, producing eloquent revolutionary verses.